Is Bipolar Disorder Hereditary?

Like some psychiatric illnesses, bipolar disorder comes with difficult questions that haunt people from time to time: ‘I wonder if this illness runs in my family, will it be passed on to me?’, “Will my child have it?” are questions we often encounter.
A family member may be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, or you may be newly diagnosed, or you may have noticed symptoms in yourself or a relative. In this case, it may be comforting to know that there are scientific answers to your questions.
Yes, there is a genetic link - but this does not mean certainty
Research tells us one thing clearly: Bipolar disorder has a hereditary aspect. In other words, family history is really important in terms of susceptibility to the disease. If a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, has bipolar disorder, the likelihood of you having it increases.
But there is a very important point here: This is only a probability, not a certainty.
- General prevalence rate in the population: 1-2
- If you have a parent: %10-15
- If both parents have it: Up to 40-50 per cent
These rates may seem high to you, but; Genetic predisposition is not synonymous with disease. Genetics is a map, but how you proceed on that map is shaped by your lifestyle, environmental factors and emotional support.
What Do Twin Studies Say?
Research has been examining identical and fraternal twins for a long time. Because these studies are very valuable to understand the distinction between genetic or environmental.
- Co-morbidity in identical twins: 60-70
- In fraternal twins: 10-20
This shows us that genetic factors are strong, but that environmental factors are also involved.
Are There Genes Associated with the Disease?
We know that some genes affect mood regulation processes in the brain and may be associated with bipolar disorder.
However, none of these genes alone causes the disease. Bipolar disorder is a multifactorial condition. Just like a jigsaw puzzle; genetics is only one of the pieces.
What to do if it runs in the family?
The most accurate answer to this question may be as follows: Be aware, but approach with knowledge, not anxiety.
If you have a family history of bipolar disorder;
- Pay attention to your sleep patterns
- Improve your stress coping skills
- Avoid alcohol and substance abuse
- Take your emotional fluctuations into account
- Consult a psychiatrist if necessary
Psychiatric illnesses, just like physical illnesses, can be controlled with a monitoring and support plan. Early awareness is an important step in preventing the risk...Just like diabetes, having diabetes in your family does not mean that you will be sick, but it makes it possible for you to have a higher awareness of the disease and to live healthy by taking preventive measures...
The first thing to know about bipolar disorder is that it is not a character weakness or a personal deficiency. It is not a burden that comes with genetic predisposition, but a process that can be managed with the right information.
Sources:
1. McGuffin et al. (2003). The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(5), 497-502.
2. Laursen et al. (2005). Familial risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A nationwide register-based cohort study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(9), 934-940.
3. Craddock, N., & Sklar, P. (2013). Genetics of bipolar disorder. The Lancet, 381(9878), 1654-1662.
Uzm. Dr. Yaprak Arslan
Psikiyatrist & Psikoterapist
Psikiyatrist & Psikoterapist